Clinical trial of cellulose in treatment of functional constipation in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy and safety of cellulose for the treatment of functional constipation in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective, self-controlled, clinical trial using cellulose was conducted for 2 weeks in 34 children with functional constipation. The constipation symptoms and the characteristics of feces after the treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The characteristics of feces and the constipation symptoms were improved significantly after the treatment. The total efficacy rate was 37% 3 days after treatment, 87% 7 days after treatment and 90% 14 days after treatment. The satisfactory rates of doctors and children's parents on the therapeutic effects were 57% and 63%, respectively. No adverse events, such as abdominal distention, pain or diarrhea, were observed during the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cellulose is effective and safe in the treatment of functional constipation in children.</p>

Regulative effects of Chinese herbs for nourishing yin and removing fire on gene expressions of estrogen receptor alpha, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, epithelial growth factor receptor and protein synthesis in epiphyseal growth plate of female pubertal rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Chinese herbs for nourishing yin and removing fire (NYRF) on gene expressions of estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the epiphyseal growth plate of the female pubertal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats were randomly divided into the control group and the intervened group. Immunohistochemistry and realtime-PCR methods were used to measure the gene expression of ER alpha, IGF-1R and EGFR and their protein synthesis in epiphyseal growth plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After being intervened with NYRF, the gene expressions of ER alpha and IGF-1R were down-regulated and their protein synthesis markedly reduced, while those of EGFR were unchanged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NYRF can modulate the development and maturation of bone by regulating the expressions of ER alpha and IGF-1R in the epiphyseal growth plate.</p>

Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Brain Edema Induced by Lipoposacchride in Rats under Action of Dexamethasone / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the brain edema induced by lipoposacchride(LPS) in rats under the action of dexamethasone.Methods One hundred and fifty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups of 50 each:normal saline group(NS group),LPS group and dexamethasone group(DXM group).Each group were again divided into 5 groups:4,6,12,24 and 48 h group.Brain edema was induced by LPS.Immunohistochemistry staining methods were used to measure the expression of ICAM-1 in brain tissue of brain edema induced by LPS in rats.And the level of evans blue(EB) was aslo determined.Results At each time point,the content of brain tissue and evans blue(EB) in LPS and DXM group all increased significantly than those in NS group(Pa0.05).In LPS group,brain water content and EB content,expressing quantity of ICAM-1 and brain water content,expressing quantity of ICAM-1 and EB content all had positive relationship(r=0.537,0.467,0.549 Pa

Study on the level of environmental endocrine disruptors in serum of precocious puberty patients / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in causing the precocious puberty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The blood samples were collected from 79 cases of precocious puberty patients and 42 cases of normal children. The concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2, bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p, p'-DDE) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in blood serum samples were measured by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The volume of uterus and ovary, the bone density, and the content of estradiol (E(2)) in serum were determined at the same time. The contents of EEDs in blood serums of precocious puberty and the indices of the target organs were analyzed by using of correlation and regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In normal control group, p, p'-DDE was detected in all the blood samples (14.93 - 40.39 ng/ml), but 4-NP and DEHP were detected in some samples (ND -6.77 ng/ml, ND -17.61 ng/ml). The levels of 4-NP, p, p'-DDE and DEHP in blood serum in precocious puberty group were notably increased than that in control group (P < 0.01). In precocious puberty group, there was a positive correlations between the 4-NP in volume of uterus and the volume of ovary and the density of bone (r = 0.394, 0.286, 0.237, P < 0.01); p, p'-DDE and volume of uterus also showed a the positive correlation (r = 0.306, P < 0.01). The influencing extent of 4-NP was 1.3 times to that of the p, p'-DDE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The normal children and the children with precocious puberty should be all contaminated by EEDs, and the later be exposured to more EEDs. There might exist a close relationship between EEDs and the precocious puberty, and EEDs should be an important factor in causing the disease. Different kinds of EEDs might have different influencing extents to the target organs.</p>

Ginsenoside Rg1-induced alterations in gene expression in TNF-alpha stimulated endothelial cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>In China the ginseng root began to be used in medicine over 2000 years ago. Ginsenosides are the most important component isolated from ginseng. The authors investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the spectrum of gene expression in the endothelial cells stimulated by TNF-alpha and further explored the potential molecular mechanism of endothelial protection by ginsenoside Rg1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nitric oxide (NO) production in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by using an NO assay kit. A home-made oligonucleotide microarray containing approximately 400 cardiovascular disease-related genes was constructed. The alteration of the spectrum of gene expression induced by ginsenoside Rg1 in HUVECs which were activated by TNF-alpha were detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NO production in HUVECs was decreased significantly after TNF-alpha treatment, while pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg1 enhanced NO production in TNF-alphastimulated HUVECs. Ginsenoside Rg1 affected the expression levels of genes involved in vascular constriction, cell adherence, coagulation, cell growth and signal transduction in TNF-alphastimulated HUVECs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ginsenoside Rg1 could enhance NO production and the expression of eNOS mRNA in TNF-alpha stimulated HUVECs. Ginsenoside Rg1 regulated sets of genes in endothelial cells and protected endothelial cells from TNF-alpha activation. Microarray analysis provided us with valuable insights into the atheroprotective mechanism by gingsenoside Rg1.</p>

Gene diagnosis of X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda by linkage analysis and DNA sequencing / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>X linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDL) is heritable osteochondrondysplasia characterized in affected males by disproportional short stature with short neck and trunk resulting from a growth defect of the vertebral bodies, accompanied by barrel chest and degenerative osteoarthropathy of hip joints. This progressive skeletal dysplasia is caused by the SEDL gene located approximately 100 kb centromeric of DXS16 at Xp22. The disorder usually manifests in late childhood without systemic complications, and generally female carriers of SEDL are asymptomatic. So the diagnosis of potential carriers and presymptomatic patients is almost impossible. This study aimed to establish methods of gene diagnosis for finding out potential carriers and presymptomatic patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The blood samples were collected from 21 individuals in a large Chinese pedigree with SEDL. Microsatellite marker DXS16 was selected for linkage analysis. In order to confirm the allele of DXS16 linked to the pathogenic SEDL gene, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were used to examine the variability of the lengths of DXS16, and linkage analysis was performed for the diagnosis of potential carriers and presymptomatic patients. Then the pathogenic mutation of the SEDL gene in the family was identified by bi-directionally direct sequencing of PCR products amplified for each of the four coding exons as well as their exon/intron boundaries. The potential carriers and presymptomatic patients were also diagnosed in this way.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six young individuals (IV(14), IV(19), IV(21), IV(23), V(4), V(7))who wanted to know whether they were carriers or presymptomatic patients were diagnosed by linkage analysis. Four females of them (IV(14), IV(19), IV(21), V(7)) were determined being carriers because they carry the allele of DXS16 which links the pathogenic SEDL gene, and the other two (IV(23), V(4)) being normal individuals for their alleles of DXS16 linked with wild SEDL gene. DNA sequencing identified that the pathogenic mutation of SEDL gene in the family, which was a nucleotide substitution of the splice-acceptor site in intron 2, IVS2 -2 A-->C. This is a novel mutation in the SEDL gene. Four female individuals (IV(14), IV(19), IV(21), V(7)) carried the mutation; individuals IV(23) and V(4) carried the wild SEDL gene. The results of diagnosis of linkage analysis coincide completely with that of DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Linkage analysis is a simple, rapid and inexpensive gene diagnosis method for SEDL and its accuracy was the same as DNA sequencing. Each of linkage analysis and DNA sequencing can be used to diagnose SEDL, which is very helpful for finding potential carriers and presymptomatic patients.</p>

Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis in 11 Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate clinical feature,diagnosis and prognosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EG),and to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods Eleven children diagnosed as EG were studied.Their history,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests and endoscopies and treatment,follow-up data were analyzed.The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software.Results 1.The children with EG usually had abdominal pain(5 cases),diarrhea(7 cases),hemafecia(5 cases) and sometimes with fever(2 cases).2.EG and allergy in children was closely related with disease(54.55%).3.Peripheral blood eosinophil(EOS) count increased significantly,and declined when symptoms eased(18.18%).4.Endoscopic manifestations were not specific,the mucosa could see sheet erosion,shallow ulcers,congestive spots or bleeding spots,mainly in antrum,duodenum,terminal ileum,ileocecal junction.The biopsy showed that a large number of EOS infiltration.5.Imaging were not specific,CT or gastrointestinal barium meal examination did not show special often(90.91%).When muscular wall was affected(9.09%),imaging presentations of EG could be partly obstructive.6.Glucocorticoid therapy could relieve symptoms and EOS.Symptoms probably recured by good prognosis.7.EG was a self-limiting allergic diseases,although the attack may be repeated.After long-term follow-up,most had good prognosis and without malignant.Conclusions Clinical and endoscopic presentations of EG are not specific,therefore the presence of EOS in gastrointestinal mucosa strongly indicate the diagnosis.It was easy to misdiagnosis.Biopsy pathology and cli-nical characteristics are the key to diagnosis.